๋ณธ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๋›ฐ๊ธฐ

๐ŸŸก ์ง€์‹ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ

"์ง€์‹ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ"1๋Š” ์ตœ์ข… ๋‹ต์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— LLM์— ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ/ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ์— ์œ ์šฉํ• ๋งŒํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ปค๋ชจ๋“œ ๋ฒ ์–ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋™๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งง์€ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— LLM์— ์ปค๋ชจ๋“œ ๋ฒ ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋“ค์„ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ LLM์ด ๋” ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋„์™€์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ ์‚ฌ์šฉโ€‹

์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ ‘๊ทผ์€ LLM์ด ์ง€์‹์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ์— ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Generate 4 facts about the Kermode bear, then use these facts to write a short blog post using the information:
The Kermode bear, also known as the spirit bear, is a rare subspecies of the American black bear that is found in the coastal regions of British Columbia, Canada.

1. The Kermode bear is a unique subspecies of the American black bear, with approximately 10% of the population having white fur.

2. The Kermode bear is a symbol of the First Nations people of British Columbia, and is seen as a spirit animal.

3. The Kermode bear is an important part of the ecosystem, helping to disperse seeds and maintain the balance of the forest.

4. The Kermode bear is a protected species, and its population is monitored closely by the provincial government.

The Kermode bear is a unique and special animal that is found in the coastal regions of British Columbia, Canada. Approximately 10% of the population of this subspecies of the American black bear have white fur, making them a rare sight. The Kermode bear is a symbol of the First Nations people of British Columbia, and is seen as a spirit animal. It is an important part of the ecosystem, helping to disperse seeds and maintain the balance of the forest. The Kermode bear is a protected species, and its population is monitored closely by the provincial government. It is a beautiful and majestic animal, and it is important that we do our part to protect and conserve this species.

๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ ์‚ฌ์šฉโ€‹

์ด ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ๋Š” LLM์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

Generate 10 facts about the Kermode bear:
1. The Kermode bear, also known as the Spirit Bear, is a rare subspecies of the American black bear found in British Columbia, Canada.

2. The Kermode bear has a unique white or cream-colored coat, which is caused by a recessive gene.

3. The Kermode bear is a symbol of hope and renewal for the First Nations people of British Columbia.

4. The Kermode bear is a protected species and is listed as a species of special concern by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada.

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ์— ์ด ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์„ ๋„ฃ์€ ํ›„ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

1. The Kermode bear, also known as the Spirit Bear, is a rare subspecies of the American black bear found in British Columbia, Canada.

2. The Kermode bear has a unique white or cream-colored coat, which is caused by a recessive gene.

3. The Kermode bear is a symbol of hope and renewal for the First Nations people of British Columbia.

4. The Kermode bear is a protected species and is listed as a species of special concern by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada.

Use the above facts to write a one paragraph blog post about the Kermode bear:


The Kermode bear, also known as the Spirit Bear, is a rare subspecies of the American black bear found in British Columbia, Canada. This unique bear has a white or cream-colored coat, caused by a recessive gene, and is a symbol of hope and renewal for the First Nations people of British Columbia. The Kermode bear is a protected species and is listed as a species of special concern by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada, making it an important part of the region's biodiversity.

์ €๋Š” ๋” ๊ธธ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์„ ๋งŒํ•œ ์ปจํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ์ถ”์ฒœ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ์ œโ€‹

์ง€์‹ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋‹ต๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ GPT-3๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป ๋‹ต๋ณ€ํ•œ ์•„๋ž˜์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์•Œ์•„๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.


๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋จผ์ € LLM์—๊ฒŒ ์ฝฉ๊ณ ๋‚˜ ๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋„๋ก ์งˆ๋ฌธํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋“ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— CoT์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ง€์‹ ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” LLM์— ์ฝฉ๊ณ ์™€ ๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋“ค์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋„๋ก ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:


๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์‹์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ต๋ณ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง€์‹ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ํ† ๋ก โ€‹

์œ„์˜ ์˜ˆ์ œ๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ์กด์— ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•จ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ž˜์˜ ์ปจํ…์ธ ๋Š” ๋” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ„์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณผ์ •(์ง€์‹ ์ƒ์„ฑ, ์ง€์‹ ํ†ตํ•ฉ)์„ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ์ด์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Generated Knowledge (Liu et al.)

์ง€์‹ ์ƒ์„ฑโ€‹

์ง€์‹ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ LLM์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋“ค์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋„๋ก ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. LLM์€ ํ“จ์ƒท ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์˜ ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. M๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹ต๋ณ€๋“ค์„ ์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์ƒ์„ฑ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.(์ž๊ธฐ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ)

Generated Knowledge Example (Liu et al.)

์ง€์‹ ํ†ตํ•ฉโ€‹

๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ตœ์ข… ๋‹ต์•ˆ์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ "์ง€์‹์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋œ" ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ๋ฅผ LLM์— ๋„ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‰ฌ์šด ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์•„๋ž˜์˜ ์˜ˆ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.

์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ž˜์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ต๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. "Most Kangaroos have <mask> limbs" ์ง€์‹ ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ 2๊ฐœ์˜ ์ง€์‹์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(M=2):

  • Knowledge 1: Kangaroos are marsupials that live in Australia.

  • Knowledge 2: Kangaroos are marsupials that have 5 limbs.

์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•ฉ์ณ ์ง€์‹ ์ฆ๊ฐ• ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

  • Knowledge Augmented Question 1: Most Kangaroos have <mask\> limbs. Kangaroos are marsupials that live in Australia.

  • Knowledge Augmented Question 2: Most Kangaroos have <mask\> limbs. Kangaroos are marsupials that have 5 limbs.

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” LLM์— ์ง€์‹ ์ฆ๊ฐ• ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋„ฃ๊ณ  ์ตœ์ข… ๋‹ต์•ˆ์„ ์–ป์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • Answer 1: 4

  • Answer 2: 5

์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ์ตœ์ข…๋‹ต๋ณ€์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ํ™•๋ฅ ์€ "์†Œํ”„ํŠธ ๋งฅ์Šค ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ"์ด๋‚˜ "๋กœ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ"์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์•”๊ธฐ-์ฆ๊ฐ• ์–ธ์–ด ๋ชจ๋ธโ€‹

์•”๊ธฐ-์ฆ๊ฐ•2 ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์€ ์ง€์‹ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.(๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค) ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ •์‹์ ์ธ ์ง€์‹ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œ ๋ณต์žกํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ํ“จ์ƒท ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ๋กœ ์ง€์‹ ์ƒ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•”๊ธฐ์™€ ์ง€์‹ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ต๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ง€์‹ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ์ด ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ชจ๋ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ์˜ (์งˆ๋ฌธ, ์•”์†ก, ๋‹ต๋ณ€) ์˜ˆ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ €์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์ด ์ž๊ธฐ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŒ… ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ฐธ๊ณ โ€‹

  • ์ง€์‹ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒ์‹ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์…‹์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์„ ํƒํ•œ ๋‹ต์— ๋งž๋Š” ์ง€์‹์€ ์„ ํƒ๋œ ์ง€์‹์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์˜ˆ์ œ์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ตœ๋นˆ๊ฐ’์€ ์ตœ์ข… ๋‹ต์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


  1. Liu, J., Liu, A., Lu, X., Welleck, S., West, P., Bras, R. L., Choi, Y., & Hajishirzi, H. (2021). Generated Knowledge Prompting for Commonsense Reasoning. โ†ฉ
  2. Sun, Z., Wang, X., Tay, Y., Yang, Y., & Zhou, D. (2022). Recitation-Augmented Language Models. โ†ฉ